Selon l’Organisation des Nations Unies, la traite des êtres humains (TEH) désigne « le recrutement, le transport, le transfert, l’hébergement ou l’accueil de personnes, par la menace de recours ou le recours à la force ou à d’autres formes de contrainte, par enlèvement, fraude, tromperie, abus d’autorité ou d’une situation de vulnérabilité, ou par l’offre ou l’acceptation de paiements ou d’avantages, pour obtenir le consentement d’une personne ayant autorité sur une autre aux fins d’exploitation. »
Exploitation is therefore at the heart of trafficking. It can take several forms:
Sexual exploitation
Victims of sexual exploitation must provide sexual services in order for the exploiter to profit. The exploiter may coerce, manipulate, or persuade the victim with promises of goods, money, or simply a better life. This occurs not only in prostitution, but also in the pornography industry, escort services, and on the internet.
Labor exploitation
Victims are forced to work in conditions that violate human dignity: long hours for little or no pay, in unsanitary conditions. They are often isolated and dependent on their employer for food, shelter, access to healthcare, and/or social contact. Victims of labor exploitation are found in almost every sector (restaurants, agriculture, construction, and many others).
Exploitation of begging
Victims are forced to beg for the profit of their exploiter, who is often a member of their family, clan, or criminal network. They are subjected to constant control and pressure by the exploiter, who uses violence and threats when they do not collect enough money.
To cause a crime/offense to be committed against one’s will
Victims are forced to commit crimes against their will for the benefit of another person. Exploiters control their victims through violence, lies, or debt repayment, forcing them to commit illegal acts. This type of exploitation occurs, among other things, in youth gangs in large cities.
Illegal removal of organs/body tissues
Victims are exploited for their body parts. Exploiters persuade them to ‘sell’ one of their organs for very little money, using false promises and/or violence, and then make a huge profit by reselling them.